Analysis Of Joseph SchumpetersCapitalism Socialism, And...

In his book Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, the political scientist Joseph Schumpeter elucidates on his critique of the 18th century concept of democracy. By establishing what he sees wrong with this notion of democracy, Schumpeter then posits his own theory of democracy that is best described as â€Å"the rule of the politician.† Rule of the politician involves free competition for people’s votes, leading to politics becoming a career. Although this new theory of democracy may have significant drawbacks, this paper will assess and analyze its focus on political leadership rather than on the â€Å"incompetent masses† to draw out the insights it can offer to contemporary Democratic politics in the United States. Consequently, Schumpeter’s new†¦show more content†¦Thus, his new theory of democracy looks to reverse those roles. He defines his new method as â€Å"that institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in which indivi duals acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive struggle for the people’s vote† (Schumpeter 269). Through this method, the electorate’s main function is to produce government. It is a method that is deemed â€Å"rule of the politician† through competition among potential leaders for the electorate’s vote. Although his theory is a reversal of a more tradition notion of democracy, Schumpeter’s new democracy does have some strengths. Primarily, this theory can now serve as a method for measuring when a nation is not a true democracy. Thus, it provides a more precise criterion for discerning between democratic governments. Secondly, Schumpeter accounts for the importance of leadership in a democracy while the classical theory deemed leaders almost dispensable. Finally, although the electorate’s main function is to produce a government, it can also evict a government. Consequently, â€Å"the electorate can accept political lead ers, and withdraw this acceptance† (Schumpeter 272). Now, despite the many strength of Schumpeter’s conception of democracy, it also has significant drawbacks. First, this theory produces a dualism within the people.

Historical Significance and Leadership of Sojourner Truth Free Essays

Since the early twentieth Century, Sojourner Truth has been rated by a number of studies as among the prominent African Americans who have contributed to the rich history of the United States. Indeed, volumes of scholarly journals (Caroll, 1985; Redding, 1971) on America’s history have been adorned by her civil image and feminist character in the campaign against violation of women’s rights and slavery. Throughout her advocacy life, Truth will be remembered for having played a key role in raising funds for Black Union soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Significance and Leadership of Sojourner Truth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Majority of feminist / black North Americans recognize her. Although her words are full of inspiration, her deeds have been overlooked in modern studies. Nonetheless, her name conveys a deeper sense of meaning despite being forgotten by a good number of her contemporaries’ (Sterling, 1984). While the reputation of historic icons from the Negro population have not survived the nineteenth century (particularly those associated with illiteracy and poverty), the memory of Sojourner’s deeds still endures. In view of her illiteracy, it is encouraging to acknowledge that her works as recorded by other people constitute her fame and power. Solidly engrossed to the evangelical life of northern antebellum in the United States, Sojourner, she remains an emblem of a phenomenon frequently associated with history in the twentieth century: popularity (Sterling, 1984). This paper examines her contribution to the United States. Between 1840 and 1850, Truth had commenced to forge a reputation at women’s rights and anti-slavery meetings. By the late 1850s, her achievements had been merited in the narrative of Sojourner Truth (Brawdy, 1991). In essence, she forms the foundation of truth as described severally in different bibliographies and studies (Smith, 1950; Edwards, 1986). In her speech at a women’s meeting convention held at Ohio in 1851, her rhetoric ideologies never appeared emblematic not until the late 1970s. The gist of her remarks began to be captured by numerous newspaper accounts—that women were entitled to equal rights as their male counterparts. Her famous quote as presented by Sterling (1984) is her lamentation and questioning about whether God existed at all. In her advocacy life, Sojourner’s reputation beyond women’s rights and abolitionist circles were amplified by Brawdy (1991). To date, these studies have served as requisite ingredients in explicating Sojourner’s persona on a historical perspective. In a lengthy dialect description, Caroll (1985) mentions her preaching. In this respect, Truth emerges more of an ex-slave than an abolitionist. Albeit Edwards (1986) mentions that she is famous in radical abolitionist mainstream) and not a vigorous advocate of women’s rights. According to Redding (1971), Truth’s comment on women dressed in bloomers is ridiculing and deprecatory. On the other hand, Truth appears seemingly exotic from Brawdy’s (1991) sketch. Outside the cultural mainstream, Truth appears as the most conspicuous preacher to have existed in ninetieth century America. As introduced by Edwards (1986), Truth is embodied with the temerity of brilliance. Contrastingly, this trait of Truth’s persona as revealed by Edwards (1986) is that of a pastoral, nineteenth century type that is exotic, savage and relatively different from the world of modernity. Some pioneers of the pre-colonial American history (such as Redding, 1971; Sterling, 1984) have commented on the attractiveness of American-based historical imaginations of earlier centuries. Nevertheless, Truth consistently stands out in all studies as uneducated, charismatic and divinely inspired. Her ethnic and racial heritages are the basis of her genius character described by historians such as Caroll 1985 and Edwards (1986) as â€Å"romantic racialism† that is common among abolitionists. With time, Sojourner truth emerged as an emulative model that is not at all to be dismissed or patronized. Her final words—worth enduring—encumbered by her conspicuous influential presence, have been distilled into strength and truth: the power to delve to the center of a controversial subject with few, elaborate, carefully chosen sentiments. As a feminist, abolitionist and evangelist, Sojourner truth (1797-1883) remains etched in the history of most Americans following her uneducated but vocal campaigns in solid support of the rights of slaves, women and victims of social injustices. Tales of Truth’s proactive and outspoken personalities, her unique styles of leadership, her act of displaying her breasts publicly to a crude, anxious audience that dared to challenge her womanhood, and the challenge she posed to Frederick Douglas on the subjects of slavery and violence, historically decors studies of her abolitionist lore (Edwards, 1986). As described by Brawdy (1991), Truth’s powerful voice (graced with her Dutch-English accent), was amplified with her deep connection to religious convictions. Additionally, Sojourner’s personal magnetism, as attested by Smith (1950), claims that she is so far the only lady accredited to have been bestowed with the subtle power and influence to confront contradictory issues in the American history, notwithstanding the social implications of her actions. Though details of her lifetime remain sketchy and cloudy, she was born of poor, slave parents who resided in Ulster County. By then, she was known as Isabella and worked as a slave. Her contributions to emancipation of oppressed minorities from social restraint dates were initiated by her successful elusion from slavery in 1827 (Smith, 1951). After moving to New York City, she embraced evangelical religion and actively engaged in moral reforms. Having joined the Utopian Community (which was mainly based in New York), she ventured in the preaching career, acquiring a great deal of Biblical knowledge. Her abolitionist policies were inscribed in her entertaining and highly instructive gospel songs that she sang as a wandering orator and famous platform figure. A year before mandatory emancipation of slaves in New York City, Sojourner officially adopted the names â€Å"Sojourner Truth† in 1843. From Brawdy’s (1991) revelations, Truth proved to be a servant of the people during the Great Civil War. She collected clothing and food for displaced populations, tramping the isolated roads of Michigan. According to Edwards (1986), she was the first human rights activist to confront President Abraham Lincoln at White House, where she dedicated her life and mobilized resources to the service of freed persons. Truth’s extra-ordinary personality transcended her religious beliefs and obligations. A few studies claim that during the Reconstruction Period, she resolved to sell her personal images, photographs of her shadows as well as the narratives of her personal life to support the integration and inclusion of freed slaves into the American society (Smith, 1951; sterling, 1985). Truth is also remembered for initiating a petition drive that sought to procure land for the settlement of freed slaves. In addition, her interpersonal attributes were lent to movements against the suffrage of women, to an extent of suggesting the opinion of establishing a â€Å"Black State â€Å"in the West. Apart from dictating a number of letters that were pertinent to the question of landlessness which eventually gave rise to reconstruction, Truth consistently preached godliness and purity among the underrepresented and oppressed women. Moreover, Caroll (1985) also claims that Truth’s legacy rests on the contents of her language and tone. In actual sense, she was—and still—is an advocate of society’s liberty (especially women) with a concise and vocal epigraph, having stumped social sins from a country dominated by social inequities from different angles. Admittedly, it is apparent that the objectives of a petition drive and political motives have not been comprehensively described by present-day activists as Sojourner did (Caroll, 1985). To mid ninetieth century readers and audiences, the character of Sojourner Truth appeared different from the characterization reflected in the late twentieth century. According to Smith (1951), her persona image changed somehow after the Civil War, albeit not completely, in view of her twentieth century personality. Prior to the Civil War, Sojourn Truth championed for the rights of women in general terms. Her objective was to disseminate and sell copies of her calling cards and narratives, which were the primary sources of her livelihood. After settling in Washington, her life took a different twist after she sympathized with the pressing needs of freed slaves, who had turned out to southern refugees by then. Other than exploring means by which their relocation could be sought, she gathered courage to collect signatures for a settlement petition and lobbied for monetary aid to fund assistive services. By the late nineteenth century, her quest for humanitarian sobriety heightened and she addressed the needs that were apparently urgent (Smith, 1951). After retiring from the lecture circuit in the late 1880s, her courage revitalized. Ideally, Sojourner’s version of truth as edited by Sterling (1984) gained currency. While white human rights advocates and anti-slavery movements found Sojourner’s character to be attractive and charming, a few blacks remained ambivalent about her antebellum achievements as a spokesperson of minorities, before an American pastoral of white audiences. She is no longer sophisticated in presentations echoed by romantic racists. To date, Truth continues to represent as self-made model with extra-ordinary abilities. In addition, she is the foundation on the need to re-establish an American history that is simultaneously sensitive to gender, race and class distinctions. On the other hand, her controversial claims at one time placed her in a rather awkward position contrary to that of State echelons. For this reason, she was physically assaulted when she publicly denounced racism while championing or equal treatment for all (Edwards, 1986). In light of the successes and shortcomings that featured her philanthropic life she succumbed to ulcers in 1883 after enduring the pains of an ulcerated leg for ten years. Remarkably, Truth’s funeral procession at Battle Creek remains the largest ever witnessed in the burial of United States’ iconic figures, serving as a true testimony of her influence to the historical imagination of the United States (Carol, 1985, Edwards, 1986). How to cite Historical Significance and Leadership of Sojourner Truth, Papers

SOUL TAPE 3 free essay sample

In 2013, 36-year-old rapper Fabolous released the third and final mixtape of his trilogy, ‘ The Soul Tape 3’. From his smooth talking, to love, to talking about real life, this mixtape has been very satisfying. Every song, from beginning to end has so many meanings, giving people different things to relate to. The way Fabolous puts his words together, makes his style flow so fluently, sending love through your ears, which makes it so nice to listen to his music. Fabolous sends different tones through each track. From ‘Thim Slick’ talking about his love for women, to talking about real life in track #2 ‘Sacrifices’. Having so many different tones throughout a mixtape makes it much more enjoyable because you have a song for a different mood, instead of listening to the same thing each time. I feel as though you have something to look forward to on each track. My favorite song on this mixtape would have to be, ‘Everything was the same’. We will write a custom essay sample on SOUL TAPE 3 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fabolous talks real stuff throughout this song, which makes me enjoy it so much. I love the verse when he says, â€Å"cant trust nobody, the crib is heavy gated. You ask, ‘why?’ I tell them even heaven’s gated. You know why? Cause when you good the devil hate it†. What Fabolous means by this is, Fabolous doesn’t trust anyone, even heaven keeps people out. Also saying people (devil) doesn’t want to see you succeed; they want you to do badly in life. That verse is the truth, which allows it to let me and others relate to it. Another great song would have to be ‘Thim Slick’. A rather slower song, but the way Fabolous talks so smooth throughout this song will make you fall in love with it. Fabolous talks about women in this song and how he’s in love with her body and everything on her looks fine, every curve and every flaw is perfect to him. Fabolous states, â€Å"That body perfect in my eyes. No matter what they say, everything looking just right. You got that blessing in disguise, you wouldn’t know it, girl you got me†. He is simply saying regardless if she thinks her body is bad, it’s perfect to him. She’s a blessing from God in disguise that nobody else notices but him and she doesn’t know it but he’s already fallen for her deeply. Everything he says in this song is so admiring and passionate. I think any girl who listens to this song would love it because everything he says is so right on and perfect. Any male who listens to this song coul d relate because their love for women. Track #11 ‘Situationships’ everyone could relate to because at some point everyone has or will experience situationships, meaning being in an unhealthy relationship and stuff going wrong in the relationship. This song is a love/real life song because he states real life situations that happen in your relationships. The slow beat with him rapping makes it easy to listen to and his words stream so nicely it’s impossible for you not to sit there and listen to every word he’s saying and just vibe to it. â€Å"We got everybody fooled, but I think the kids could tell. That the situation aint the best it aint the worst, it’s been times that I felt like this, it aint my first. That alone got me like try harder, or why bother.† Fabolous means, they do a good job of making everyone think their good but people in the mix realize it. The situation is familiar to Fabolous, sometimes he wants to try harder and fight for her and at other times he just wants to give up on everything. Anyone with situationships could relate to it , and if you haven’t experienced situationships you could listen to this song and know what could be expected in relationships. This mixtape makes it so easygoing for anyone to enjoy it and in some type of way you will be able to relate to it. Starting from track #1-12 you will hear Fabolous talk real about ANYTHING opening from real life, love, and women. If you like listening to music that speaks about real matter and not just bumbo jumbo, ‘The Soul Tape 3’ is the mixtape for you, and I guarantee you for 45 minutes listening from start to end you will enjoy every single second of it. Mixtape Rating: 9/10

Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample

Recearch shows that Although the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States is at its lowest level in nearly 40 years, it remains the highest among the most developed countries in the world. Approximately 67. 8 per 1,000 women aged 15–19 — nearly 750,000 American teenagers — become pregnant each year. (Planned Parenthood. (2012). Reducing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved from www. plannedparenthood. org/files/PPFA/reducing_teenage_pregnancy. pdf ). (Please see visual aid section for graph,visual aid script and visul aid description on pages 5-8) Allowing female teenagers in high school who are sexually active to have assess to oral contraceptive /birth control will help to further reduce the number of Bi rt h Cont r ol Pill s a nd Tee ns: A Gui de f or Par e nt s qf 7q GZ8 occurrences of teenage pregnancy which in turn will reduce the risk of abortion and high risk pregnancies. The obvious truth from prior stated researchs, shows that our teenagers are still having unprotected sex while some may be abstaining or practicing safe sex the remainder who do not do so have to be protected from what they can be protected from for their own good and good of our socities. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another problem associated with teenage pregnancies is the financial burden on tax payes and the government to provide medical care for pregnant teenagers. Research shows that The June 2011 study by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy estimated that in 2008, adolescent childbearing cost U. S. taxpayers about $11 billion per year . (Congressional Research Service. (2012). Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs. Retrieved from www. fas. org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20301. pdf). This is a lot of money that could be aved and put to use towards other pressing issues in our present day economy.  ·The expenses does not stop with medical care during and after pregnancy but continues with medical care of the children and and the social/financial of most teenage mothers continues to be a problem that could happen over their life time if changes are not made by them. Teen mothers are less likely to graduate from high school and more likely than their peers who delay childbe aring to live in poverty and to rely on welfare. ( Planned Parenthood. (2012). Reducing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved from www. plannedparenthood. org/files/PPFA/reducing_teenage_pregnancy. pdf ). This problem could very well be a long term problem if the educational and financial status of the teenage mother does not change.  ·The government will see a greater reduction in high school teenage pregnancies if sexually active teens are able to have assess to oral contraception without parental consent.  ·By continuing to promote abstinence and sex educatiion is very important to enable teenagers make better informed choices Providing and funding programs that will enable pregnant teenage mothers to go back to school and achieve higher educational status will help to reduce the financial burden on tax payers and government when these teens do not end up in welfare programs for themselves and their children.  ·Research suggests that high school girls should be allowed to have oral contraception withought parental consent because this will help reduce the occurance and risk associated with teenage pregnancy and abortionand reduce the financial burden on tax payers. Asses to oral contraceptives without parental consent will will reduce the incedents of teenage pregnancies and provide another option to high school girls when they do not abstain or practice safe sex. .Preventing teenage pregnacies among high school girls will increase their chances at attaining higher educational levels and better careers. This will inturn reduce the amount of women and children who end up in welfare and reduce the fainacial burden on tax payers and our ailing economy of today.  ·CLOSING STATEMENT: The advantages of oral contraception to high school girls/teenagers can not be over emphasized. It is of immence value to our young girls,their future,our communities and nation as a whole. Our teenage girls will have better prospects in life and also have an opportunity to make better informed decisions about sex at an early age. Allowing them to take some measure of responsibility for them selves when they are having sex will boost their self esteem and creat a senc e of responsiblity for their lives and our tax payers will save alot of maoney that could be used to boost the economy. AUDIENCE QUESTIONS: Question 1. With the risks associated with birth control pills, why should parents not worry about their children becoming sick or even dying from side effects? Answer. Research has proved that there is little or no risk associated/proven with teenage girls taking oral contraception. The center for young womens health clearly states that There are no increase in the risk of heart attack or stroke in healthy young women who take birth control pills and do not smoke ( The center for young womens health. (2012). Birth conrol pills and teens:A guide to parents. Retrived from http://www. youngwomenshealth. org/oral. html). Question 2. Young teenagers are known to be disorganised and even forgetfull, why should parents trust them to use oral contraception accordingly? Answer. Allowing teenagers to have free asses to oral contraception gives them a sence of responsibility and also the American Academy of Pediatrics has issud a statetement saying adolescents are more likely to use emergency contraception if it’s prescribed in advance. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012). AAP Recommends Emergency Contraception Be Available to Teens. Retrieved from http://pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/130/6/1174). Question 3. Are there any states or school districts currently implementing this practice? Answer. The state of New york is currently implementing this program. The New York City Department of Education is furnishing morning-after pills and other birth control drugs to students at 13 city high schools and without parental permission. (Life news. (2012). Girls at 13 NYC Schools Get Morning After Pills, No Parental Permission. Retrived from http://www. lifenews. com/2012/09/24/girls-at-13-nyc-schools-getmorning- after-pills-no-parental-permission/) References. 1. Center for Disease Control. (2012). Pre-pregnancy Contraceptive Use Among Teens with Unintended Pregnancies Resulting in Live Births — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2004–2008. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6102a1. htm? s_cid=mm6102a1_w. 2. Congressional Research Service. 2012). Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs. Retrieved from www. fas. org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20301. pdf 3. Huffington post . 2010. Even At Lowest, U. S. Teen Birth Rate Far Higher Than W. Europe. Retrieved from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2010/12/30/teen-pregnancy-us- _n_802854. html 4. Life news. (2012). Girls at 13 NYC Schools Get Morning After Pills, No Parental Permission. Retrived from http://www. lifenews. com/2012/09/24 /girls-at-13-nyc-schoolsget- morning-after-pills-no-parental-permission/. . The center for young womens health. (2012). Birth conrol pills and teens:A guide to parents. Retrived from http://www. youngwomenshealth. org/oral. html. 6. Time Magazine. (2012). New York City Offers Plan B to High School Students. Retrived from http://healthland. time. com/2012/09/25/new-york-city-schools-offer-planb- to-high-school-students/ . 7. Planned Parenthood. (2012). Reducing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved from www. plannedparenthood. org/files/PPFA/reducing_teenage_pregnancy. pdf . Teenage pregnancy free essay sample Teenage pregnancy† is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. A pregnancy can take place in apubertal female before menarche (the first menstrual period), which signals the possibility of fertility, but usually occurs after menarche. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Teenage Pregnancy is now one of the serious problems in our society. It is one of the major factors that affect population growth in the Philippines. Teenage pregnancy is the unplanned parenthood, secrets among male and females between 13 to 16 years of age. Being in the wrong place and at the wrong time knows the facts out here about teenager’s lives and what they’re doing. Teen Pregnancy may happen due to the following reasons: ? Peer pressure ? Absentee of parents ? Influence of media ? Rape and sexual abuse. Teenage pregnancy affects not only females but males as well; it causes serious health and education problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Nearly 4 out of 10 girls become pregnant at least once before the age of 20. Most teens get pregnant because they want to know what it feels like to raise a child or because they see others with children and they find them cute and want them to themselves. Others get pregnant because they don’t know about the different ways of contraception and ways to stay safe. Many girls struggle with teen pregnancy because of their low confidence and self-worth. They feel that they are ugly and no guy would show them attention unless they give them what they want. The reason why we chose teen pregnancy is because I believe that is a serious issue between teenagers now a days. I think that teen pregnancy could of been an avoidable issue if sex was a conversation topic between parents and their kids, and teachers to students. Kids should start to know about sex and ways to prevent pregnancy and STDs, STIs since theyre in middle school since kids now a days are becoming sexualy active since theyre like 13 years old which makes them more exposed to pregnancy and other consequences people face when having unsafe sex, due to their ignorance on how to have safe sex. Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample A discussion of teenage pregnancy in the United States. (more) Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample Challenges of Teenage Parenthood A. Parenthood Options B. Continuing Education C. Financial Problems V. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society ;there are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions a teenage parent must make. The statistics tell that the U. S. has the highest rate of teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Parenting You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is and births. More than 4 out of ten young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20-nearly one billion a year(Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Teenage pregnancy has declined slowly but steadily. These recent declines reverse the 24-percent rise in the teenage birth rate from 1986 to 1991 (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Usually only one-third of teenage mothers receive a high school diploma. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rest of the mothers usually end Teen Pregnancy You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutes p on welfare. A majority of both boys and girls who are sexually active wish they had waited. Eight in ten girls and six in ten boys say they wish they had waited (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Many people are concerned about the problems teenage parents and their children face. The health risks for a teenage girl who becomes pregnant increase sharply. One of the concerns of teenage mothers is the health risk. Usually young women have Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Over the past two decades, the rates of teen pregnancy have grown dramatically. According to the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy, approximately every thirty-one seconds teenage pregnant in the more complications in pregnancy than older women. The most hazardous complication is low birth weight. One out of seven babies born to teenage mothers have a low birth weight (Hildebrand 88). Poor eating habits, smoking, or using alcohol or drugs, cause low birth weight. Premature babies and babies with low birth weights often have organs that havent fully developed, such as lungs, heart and brain. These babies get sick easier than normal weight babies. As a result Teen Pregnancy The situation is as follow: A teen girl (anywhere from the age thirteen to eighteen) finds herself in a sexual relationship with a male. The end result is from what was motioned above, teenage mothers are considered to be in the high-risk health category. They need good prenatal care as soon as they find out they are pregnant. A doctor, nurse, or other medical practitioner gives most of the information about nutrition. Prenatal care can help prevent pregnancy complications and improve ones chances of having a healthy baby. The best way to prevent teenage pregnancy, which is 100% effective, is abstinence. Most teenagers have a whole Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? life ahead of them and having a child will cause a lot of complications in your goals. Its not impossible for teenage mothers to complete high school, or try to reach their goals in life, but having a child could very well interfere with these goals. Another way of protection is condoms. There are a lot of protections out there, but these protections are not 100-percent reliable. There are a lot of places and people to go to Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? for support and advice. In addition there are many organizations and hotlines a teenage mother can contact for advice and assistance. Parents and family are one alternative. There are a lot of teenagers that are afraid of their parents reactions. However, most parents are calmer and more supportive than teenagers expect. Most parents are shocked when the teenager comes and tells them that they are pregnant. Just give the parents time and they will try to give their Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? teenager the best advice that they know. The school nurse or counselor is another place to get advice. The counselor usually can gather up pamphlets and brochures about pregnancy. The counselor can also help the teenager remain in school. They are very supportive and understanding. Doctors and clinics are very important for a teenage parent to go to. There are a lot of home pregnancy tests available, but the doctor is a lot more reliable and gives Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample Teenage pregnancy (defined as under-18 conceptions including those leading to live births and terminations) and early parenthood are widely recognized to be associated with poor health and social exclusion. Having children at an early age can affect young women’s health and wellbeing and can limit their education, career and economic prospects. Although young people can be competent parents, longitudinal studies show that the children born to teenagers are more likely to experience a range of negative outcomes in later life, and are more likely to become a teenage parent themselves. Teenage pregnancy is a serious issue in our society today where people become pregnant because they are not informed. Teenage pregnancy affects not only females but males as well; it causes serious health and education problems. Nearly 4 out of 10 girls become pregnant at least once before the age of 20. Most teens get pregnant because they want to know what it feels like to raise a child or because they see others with children and they find them cute and want them to themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Others get pregnant because they don’t know about the different ways of contraception and ways to stay safe. Many girls struggle with teen pregnancy because of their low confidence and self-worth. They feel that they are ugly and no guy would show them attention unless they give them what they want. In our society today Teenage Pregnancy affects both females and males in several ways. Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experiences a young person might ever face when it interrupts school or other plans. It can create an emotional crisis resulting in feelings of shame and fear, and it may appear that you will crumble under pressures in your environment. The stress of how one would break the news to their parents might be even greater, and finding help may seem an impossible task. People might think that they can help others, or one might be too embarrassed to search for help. For the most part, when one sees teenagers raising children, we often think that the teen has been raped or is too mature for their age. For this reason, some totally miss the issues that one must have been exposed to in their society, the society of their home, community, school. There are many viewpoints as to why teenage females are having so many children out of wedlock. However, the facts are obvious—teenaged females are highly influenced by many social issues, but those with the lack of strong parental guidance, sex education, and positive mass media are more likely to have a premarital pregnancy. The issue of teenage pregnancy started to interest me when I am staying now in the City, a great percentage of the females there were actually pregnant and I didn’t really understand why. I wasn’t really sure how big or how serious teen pregnancy is, but with little knowledge and a tremendous amount of curiosity, I wanted teen pregnancy to be my topic. This study will make us aware of what is happening in our society today. This issue is being ignored a lot of times. This will guide the parents and friends on what to do if a teenager gets pregnant. For teen mothers, this will guide them on their options before and after pregnancy. This concept paper aims to discuss the effects of rising early pregnancy cases and how it affects our economy. This will discuss also some cases of adolescent mothers and what kind of life do they have as teenage parents. II. Body Teenage pregnancy is one of the major factors that affect population growth in the Philippines. It is considered as one of the major problems of the government is facing of today. According to the Government statistics records, teenage pregnancy cases rise up to 70% over 10 years only. These alarming cases caught the attention of some lawmakers. The very best example solution that the government made this year was the passage of RH Bill or the Reproductive Health Bill. This bill aims to free access of use of contraceptives, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. The government conceived this as the solution to the problem. Others may see it as helpful but others also contradicts it. Teenage pregnancy is continuing growing and really affects our economic status. Studies show that in 2009, total live births reached to 1. 745 million, which break down to a daily average of 4,782 births and 478 of mothers giving birth were teenagers. From the survey conducted by the Young Adults Fertility Survey (YAFS), 16% of the women aging 15-24 years old have had premarital sex and the average age for the females who had their first sexual encounter is 18. Some 16. 5 million Filipinos belong to the 15-24 year old age group. We are forced with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of young people today have children of their own. 30 % of all births belong to this age group; and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are already mothers. Statistics show that every year at least 64,000 teenagers have abortions, and those are statistics from a country where abortion is illegal, yet we claim we are Catholics, who are preserving and valuing life. We might say that the pregnancy of these teenagers is just the mere result of the gratification of sexual urges. Yes we might say that. That pregnancy would not occur if studies had been prioritized instead of the relationship of the opposite sex. That if there were no premarital sex (PMS), there would be no pregnancy. On one simple glance, we would judge these teenagers guilty. The Causes of Teenage Pregnancy There are many different causes of teenage pregnancy. Every teenage girl is brought up under different family and personal conditions, therefore presenting many different causes of teenage pregnancy. These causes can range from internal factors to external factors. Some of these causes include drugs and alcohol, sexual abuse and child maltreatment, and technology dangers. All of these contribute to teenage pregnancy. Another cause of teenage pregnancy is sexual abuse and child maltreatment. This affects teenagers in all areas of development like cognitive development, social development, psychological, and emotional development. When a teenage girl is sexually abused and maltreated, she usually develops bad self esteem and her confidence level drops dramatically. When this happens, sexual activity is used as a justification of her internal problems and also they sometimes think that they can find comfort in their partners. This is bad because when they think like this, it becomes more and more repetitive and they are more likely to become pregnant. However, sexual abuse and child maltreatment can be described as an internal problem which leads to an external problem. It is an internal problem because it affects the emotions, self esteem and confidence and it leads to external problems because it involves teenage pregnancy. Last but not least, there is a technology danger. This is another famous cause of teenage pregnancy. Technology is a new means of communication now a day. It seems to be destroying teenagers slowly but surely. Millions of teenagers go online every day, around the hours when there is little or no adult supervision. This allows for online dating, hooking up and promiscuity. Many times teens depend on technology to find relationships or just male friends and end up with the wrong company. They agree to meet at a certain place then get engaged in unprotected sexual activities. Lack of sex education is the most important but not the only cause of teenage pregnancy. There are also some other teenage pregnancy causes that cannot be ignored. First is the psychological factor. The immature and irresponsible behavior arising due to complex teenage psychology is another important cause of teenage pregnancies. Teenagers often go through a number of emotions because of their own transition from childhood and peer pressure. In addition, weak family relationships fail to provide the emotional support that teenagers require. This lack of attention and affection from family resulting in depression forces them to seek love and support from other people, especially members of the opposite sex. Next cause is the adolescent sexual behavior. As adolescence marks the onset of sexual maturity, it is but obvious that both the sexes show interest in and explore the much hyped topics of sex, thank to the irresponsible and careless approach of mass media. This makes them vulnerable to teenage sex and pregnancy without adequate sex education. Lack of sexual education causes teens to get abortions as they ultimately realize their inability to bear the responsibilities of being a parent at such a young age. Another cause is lack of discipline and control. Factors like alcohol and substance abuse accompanied by unrestricted interaction with the opposite sex can ignite the sparks of lust and passion in youngsters very easily ultimately leading to teenage pregnancy. Nonetheless, at times, parents put too many restrictions of their children, especially girls to protect them from dangers. This overprotection gives rise to frustration and a feeling of not being loved and cared for. Thus, balance is the key to avoid this problem. Moreover, sexual abuse of teenage girls is also one of the most disgraceful causes of teenage pregnancy. One example is sexual relationships between teenage girls and older men. Effects of Teenage Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy is a serious issue that may seriously impact the future of a young woman. Any teen pregnancy will be a challenge as teens typically lack skills needed to handle a pregnancy and motherhood. Patience, maturity and ability to handle stress are required by pregnant mothers of all ages. A teen pregnancy may also impact the baby. Several studies have examined the socioeconomic, medical, and psychological impact of pregnancy and parenthood in teens. Life outcomes for teenage mothers and their children vary; other factors, such as poverty or social support, may be more important than the age of the mother at the birth. Many solutions to counteract the more negative findings have been proposed. Teenage parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child-care support are more likely to continue their education and get higher paying jobs as they progress with their education. There are health risks for the baby and children born to teenage mothers are more likely to suffer health, social, and emotional problems than children born to older mothers. Also, women who become pregnant during their teens are at increased risk for complications, such as premature labor and other consequences. Teenage births are associated with lower annual income for the mother. Eighty percent of teen mothers must rely on welfare at some point. Teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of school. Only about one-third of teen mothers obtain a high school diploma. Teenage pregnancies are associated with increased rates of alcohol abuse and substance abuse, lower educational level, and reduced earning potential in teen fathers. More than half of teenage pregnancies continue to birth. According to a researcher at the Transnational Family Research Institute, teenage mothers are at a high risk of experiencing depression, birth complications, toxemia, anemia and even death. Teenage girls are often not emotionally prepared for childbirth or being a mother and can experience extreme depression, anxiety, resentment and feelings of failure. Because of the stigma that exists regarding teenage pregnancy in many societies, pregnant teens may deal with feelings of shame, guilt, anger, denial and depression. Only 1/3 of teenage mothers complete high school and receive a diploma, according to research conducted by the Robin Hood Foundation. Apart from future financial and employment problems, this can be a contributing factor toward negative self-esteem. Teenagers are often afraid to tell friends, parents or other family members about the pregnancy, which can lead to further anxiety, feelings of shame and withdrawal from society. Early motherhood can affect the psychosocial development of the infant. The children of teen mothers are more likely to be born prematurely with a low birth weight, predisposing them to many other lifelong conditions. Children of teen mothers are at higher risk of intellectual, language, and socio-emotional delays. Developmental disabilities and behavioral issues are increased in children born to teen mothers. One study suggested that adolescent mothers are less likely to stimulate their infant through affectionate behaviors such as touch, smiling, and verbal communication, or to be sensitive and accepting toward his or her needs. Another found that those who had more social support were less likely to show anger toward their children or to rely upon punishment. Poor academic performance in the children of teenage mothers has also been noted, with many of them being more likely than average to fail to graduate from secondary school, be held back a grade level, or score lower on standardized tests. Daughters born to adolescent parents are more likely to become teen mothers themselves. A son born to a young woman in her teens is three times more likely to serve time in prison. Teen pregnancy and motherhood can influence younger siblings. One study found that the younger sisters of teen mothers were less likely to emphasize the importance of education and employment and more likely to accept human sexual behavior, parenting, and marriage at younger ages; younger brothers, too, were found to be more tolerant of non-marital and early births, in addition to being more susceptible to high-risk behaviors. If the younger sisters of teenage parents babysit the children, they have an increased risk of getting pregnant themselves. Once an older daughter has a child, parents often become more accepting as time goes by. The probability of the younger sister having a teenage pregnancy went from one in five to two in five if the elder sister had a baby as a teenager. Emotional Effect There are various emotional effects of early pregnancy to teenagers. 1. Initial excitement Some teenagers are excited to bear a child, especially when it is their first pregnancy. They are excited to see their baby. Others are excited to buy clothes and other things for the baby. They think of names for the baby. 2. Confuse Some are confused and at a loss on what to do. They are too young and many have no idea about bearing a child. 3. Afraid Some are scared. They think of questions like, â€Å"How should I tell my parents? † â€Å"How will I face my classmates? † or â€Å"What is the best thing to do to solve this problem? † They are afraid to answer these questions. they feel scared on what will be the reactions of their parents. 4. Frustrated Frustration comes later. Pregnant teenagers will realize that they are not yet ready to bear a child when it’s already late. Emotional Effect to Love Ones Being pregnant makes one’s life complicated. It can affect you and your love ones. 1. Family Parents expect their children to be good. They expect that all the good things from their children. a. Frustrated or Disappointment Many parents are not happy about the early pregnancy of children. They expect help in their old age, but their pregnant child might have some other plans. b. Excitement Others are excited about a new family member. 2. Friends Friends might be disappointed if they know that you are pregnant. They might be shocked because at your young age you will be a mother. Physical Effect of Teenage Pregnancy Changes can be observed in a pregnant woman. Diet and exercise are necessary. Changes in a pregnant teenager’s body 1. Increase in Body Weight 2. Increase of Foot Size 3. Increase of Breast Size 4. The darkening of Cheeks and Forehead Mental Effect of Early Pregnancy Among the issues encountered by a pregnant teenager are: A. Depression It is common among pregnant teenager who are desperate to solve their problems. Some teenagers try to solve their problem by: 1. Abortion It is the removal of a fetus from the mother’s womb. Abortion is illegal. About 300,000 to 500,000 women undergo abortion every year. Article 256, 258 and 259 in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippine penalize women who undergo abortion and others who help her with imprisonment. Some teenager, however, think that abortion is a way to solve their problem. 2. Suicide Some teenagers think of suicide. Effects on Child Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causes for the countrys high rate of teen pregnancies. When the true purpose of sex education and federal aid is to help strengthen the mother and her child so that they can eventually lead productive lives. The absence of a father figure in the home brings about a chain reaction of dilemmas. The emotional problems that children suffer because there is no father in their life can be potentially hazardous to their future. Many children tend to be effected mentally because these powerful emotions have the potential to do permanent damage in a childs life. Children may experience sadness and depression, aggressive behavior, frequent illness, difficulty in school, eating problems, and sleeping disorders. Many children also suffer from various social difficulties and self-esteem problems that come along with living in a one-parent household. The pressure that children raised by teenage parents go through is tremendous. Children who dont have fathers present in the home often feel unloved. There is no trauma as excruciatingly painful as parental rejection and there is probably no worse of a way to wreck a persons life. Males are affected differently by the absence of a father than females are. A boy needs a male role model in his life so that he can learn how to become a man. Children who dont have good role models often choose negative, unsavory characters to mold themselves after. Negative consequences of teenage pregnancies The health consequences for a teenage mother and her baby both during pregnancy and afterwards can be harmful. Young mothers’ inexperience of looking after themselves contributes to negative health outcomes, particularly during pregnancies. Immaturity affects the ability to moderate negative behaviour, such as smoking and seeking timely health care. Once the baby is born, not persisting with breastfeeding may also be a harmful consequence of immaturity. Teenage pregnancy is more common among young people who have low educational attainment. In addition, being pregnant and having a baby often also leads to education being curtailed – for the mother, though not always for the father – and thereby even lower educational attainment. As a result of low educational achievement, inadequate employment training, poor childcare provision and a lack of support, teenage mothers suffer a considerable disadvantage in the labor market and can be highly reliant on welfare benefits and subsidized housing, sometimes following a period of homelessness or temporary housing. They may also be forced to lean on relatives. Effects of a Daughter’s Pregnancy Families in which teenagers bear children have historically been characterized by grandparental childrearing systems, wherein the adolescents mother typically provides the primary hands-on care for the teens child (Burton, 1995, 1996a, 1996b). Because these grand parenting duties can be extensive and time consuming, they likely interfere with or distract the mother from monitoring or supervising her own children. Role strain theory postulates that the psychological stress associated with undertaking multiple roles impedes a person from performing well in any role (Goode, 1960). Thus, it may be that the time and role demands of caring for her daughters child compromises a mothers ability to monitor her own childrens behavior and activities. It is also conceivable, however, that because of the older daughters early pregnancy or birth, mothers might be even more rigorous in monitoring their other children. Although this possibility will be examined in the study presented here, the more practical responsibilities of caring for her daughters child probably would diminish a mothers ability to oversee her own childrens activities, especially given that most of these mothers are parenting (and grandparenting) alone without a co resident adult (Burton, 1995) and that the mothers other children are likely to be adolescents and monitoring their behavior is particularly difficult (Dornbusch et al. , 1985). An older daughters early childbearing also might act to increase her mothers acceptance and tolerance of teenage sex and early nonmarital childbearing. Teenage parenting may be viewed with less stigma and less disgrace by the teenagers parents. Moreover, the daughters early childbearing may signify to mothers the lack of real-life options available to their daughter. As a result, mothers may rationalize their daughters teenage parenting as a reasonable and acceptable response to their disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances. This kind of attitude change is akin to that described in Festingers (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance, whereby the tension created by opposing attitudes and behaviors motivates a change in either the behavior or the attitude. Mothers of teenage daughters who become pregnant may come to believe that early childbearing is not that bad after all. A teenagers pregnancy also might reduce her mothers achievement expectations for her other children. For example, the older daughters early childbearing may demonstrate to her parents their inability to control their childrens lives and life outcomes. Expectations for their other children may yield accordingly if parents believe that they have little control over their childrens futures. It is also plausible, however, that an opposite reaction might occur among parents. Because the older daughter has had a child while she was a teenager, parents might place even higher and more demanding expectations on their other children. Parents often are initially disappointed when a teenage daughter gives birth (Furstenberg, 1980), but they may perceive younger siblings as having potential for success. Realizing that the older daughters school and job options are likely to be limited, parents might have even more demanding expectations of their other children. Because this is a new area of study and this issue has not been investigated, both expectations appear plausible. Finally, an adolescents early pregnancy might increase her mothers communication about sex and contraception with her other children. For example, mothers might be motivated to prevent a second pregnancy in the family and might view the older daughters pregnancy as an opportunity to discuss contraception and ways of preventing pregnancy with their other children. Moreover, mothers may feel partly to blame for the older daughters pregnancy and may see their lack of open communication about sex and birth control with the older daughter as one of the factors that possibly contributed to her becoming pregnant. These feelings may compel the mother to discuss sexuality and contraception more openly with her other children. Risk factors for teenage pregnancy The main risk factors for teenage pregnancy come under three headings: risky behavior, education-related factors, family and home background factors. Risky behaviour includes the early onset of sexual activity; irregular or ineffective use of contraception; mental health problems; anti-social behaviour and involvement in crime; alcohol and substance misuse; having already been a teenage mother; and previous abortions. The education-related factors include low educational attainment; disengagement from school; leaving school at 16 with no qualifications; and negative experiences of education in school. Factors in the family and home background include growing up in care; being the daughter of a teenage mother; ethnic differences; low parental aspirations; parental separation; family conflict or violence; frequent moves; and neighborhood peer pressures. Prevention Many health educators have argued that comprehensive sex education would effectively reduce the number of teenage pregnancies, although opponents argue that such education encourages more and earlier sexual activity. Interventions combining education and contraceptives appear to reduce unplanned teenage pregnancy, however no one intervention yet stands out as the most effective. Teen pregnancy can easily be prevented with better educated teens, better communication between teens and parents, and the knowledge of contraceptives. There are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancies. Popular solutions include discussions of â€Å"safe sex† practices. In addition to condoms, doctors can prescribe birth control pills that regulate the fertility of a woman’s eggs, or advise the use of other pregnancy prevention tools, like intra-uterine devices or spermicides. These options are not 100% effective. There is even the option of abortion, which terminates the pregnancy at the proven cost of a life and a lifetime of emotional scars. For teenagers, however, the option of a doctor’s prescription requires parental consent. Most teenagers do not want their parents to know of their sexual activity. Media often promotes sexuality to children and teens before they are capable of making mature decisions about a pregnancy, or before they clearly understand the consequences of raising a child. They are under a lot of pressure to experience sex outside the boundaries set by God. III. Reaction Many of us tend to think that teenage pregnancies occur because they could not control their urge of temptation before getting married. That is not entirely true. In fact the main reasons why most teenage girls become pregnant are because they lack supervision. Poverty, sexual abuse and media also play an important role in teenage pregnancies. Teenage parents prematurely lead adult lives. It is like a child having a child. Teenage mothers are girls who found themselves in a predicament which they know could have been prevented or avoided. Most young parents are taking accountability for their actions and more must be done in our community to help these young mothers and young fathers succeed to make better lives for themselves and for their families. Teen pregnancy is a major contributor to poverty, single parenthood, and limited futures for adolescents and their children that is why it is so significant to attend to the problem now and not later. I agree that teenage pregnancy is a bad thing. Teens who get pregnant have fewer opportunities career or education-wise, often cannot cope with the responsibilities of raising a child, have the remainder of their childhood cut short and usually end up poor or struggling to make ends on the benefit. Of course, I wouldnt condemn a girl who gets pregnant and decides she wants to keep the baby. I dont think shes a bad person for it. But I dont think that teen pregnancy is really a good thing. Teens need to focus on school, work, family, and their dreams in life. A child interferes with their dreams, their goals, and definitely changes their lives. Teens shouldnt even be having sex for a few reasons. Theyre too young to even understand love and sex. They still live in their parents’ homes, they cant afford a child even if they think their high income will do it. They’re not finished their education and without that theyll be nothing. We must help young parents in our society rise above what the statistics forecast. We can no longer look the other way when it comes to our youth and the issues that they face today whether it is drugs or alcohol abuse, crime, sexual orientation, sexually transmitted infections or pregnancy. We are one in the community and we have to work together to address these concerns. There are so many matters that young parents have to deal with without having to worry about what other people think. Society must work together to empower, educate and encourage these individuals to become integral active members of our community. We can address these issues by offering workshops and skills for these young parents so they can be accepted in our community and not frowned upon. They have to learn life skills such as budgeting, parenting, and financial planning. Young parents need access to resources where more can be done in terms of rehabilitation, communication, parenting classes, relationship counseling and training. Successful intervention methods must be established to resolve teenage pregnancy issues and teenage mother’s predicaments. Do not be a part of the problem, be a part of the solution. Support them, encourage them, empower them and help strengthen them to realize their full potential.

Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Essay Example

Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Essay Example Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Paper Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Paper Essay Topic: Literature At the time he wrote this poem, Wilfred Owen had lost hope for the war generation: civilians could not understand, soldiers could not explain. All a war poet could do was warn children, they might find consolation later that a true voice had managed to speak. His poems might prove that there is something indestructible in this human spirit. That would only be consolation if future generations acted on his warning and loved their fellow men. Owen felt he failed as a poet. From your reading of Strange Meeting, what do you think? In the poem Strange Meeting, Wilfred Owen believes he has failed as a poet. I think that he would be trying to warn future generations and also tell the truth about the war to civilians. His aim was to make civilians realise what war was really like and for the war to end. Wilfred Owen has a negative attitude towards war in general, and this negativity shows constantly throughout his poem Strange Meeting. One of the main ideas of the poem is the pity of war and this shows Owens belief that war creates more problems that it solves. I mean the truth untold, the pity of war, the pity war distilled. Wilfred Owen is telling us here that the soldiers cannot explain what war was like and that the real truth was not being told, as it should be. The truth is the pity of war and Wilfred Owen is trying to tell this message in his poem, because as a poet he believes that it is his duty to tell everyone how terrible war is. Owen is hoping that war will make people show pity and think about what war actually achieves for mankind. Wilfred Owen shows us that war does not move the human race on, but takes it backwards. He believes that war is not suitable in todays society. Much blood had clogged their chariot-wheels I this quotation, Owen is explaining that war (the blood) is halting humanity (chariot-wheels) from progressing. He believes war is what people did a long time ago when they had a disagreement, and it has no place in modern society. When humanity is evolving and moving the human race. On one step, war is taking us back two steps. He would rather leader talk about their disagreements instead of fighting with each other at any opportunity they get. Wilfred Owen shows us that through knowledge we can learn to avoid war, and if everyone knows about the reality of war, it can be a thing of the past. Courage was mine and I had mystery, wisdom was mine and I had mastery; to miss the march of this retreating world. In the war, soldiers have the courage, and they follow their orders to their extent. But Wilfred Owen has the wisdom to step back from the war and he still has his life intact, but those who have had the courage to be fully involved with war will have lost their lives. Wilfred Owen has almost lost all hope of warning civilians and he thinks that he is fighting a losing battle. He has lost all hope of helping others because he does not think that they can understand. Here is no cause to mourn The deaths and the suffering that Wilfred Owen saw in the war have left him without hope, because it goes against everything he believes in. From the first three lines of the poem we learn a lot about Wilfred Owen. We learn that he seems to be in a dream or nightmare because he uses the phrase it seemed. He uses the metaphor: Down some profound dull tunnel The dull tunnel is portraying Owens state of mind, a trench he is travelling down, and is also a reference to him entering hell. Wilfred Owen is travelling into his hell: war. The tunnel is great in intensity (profound) and is travelling into something which titanic wars had groined. Owens idea of hell is something war had shaped: a trench cut out into the earth during war by a bomb. The soldiers will be forced to be satisfied with the destruction they have caused or they will walk away sad from the war because of the lives that they have killed. Now men will go content with what we spoiled. Or, discontent, boil bloody, and be spilled. The soldiers may be happy with what happened, or be dissatisfied, as Wilfred Owen was, at the fact that there will be more wars, suffering and bloodshed in the future. Owen wants to do something about it now, and stop war altogether because they are killing innocent people and destroying the earth that they live on. Wilfred Owen was in his own vision of hell. His vision of hell was one of pain and suffering and hopelessness. He was living in hell. By his dead smile I knew I stood in Hell. With a thousand pains that visions face was grained. Here, Wilfred Owen is warning people of the pity of war and that war is the same as hell. Hell was a place where pain was multiplied a thousand times on one face. Wilfred Owen is willing to die, but not at war, because he does not believe that a life deserves to be lost at war. He thinks that war is not worth going through, because the bad points outweigh the good points. I have poured my spirit without stint but not through the cess of war. Enemies are made at war, even though there is no logical reason that they should be enemies. I am the enemy you killed, my friend Wilfred Owen is contradictive because he calls him an enemy and friend. He loves his enemy as he loves himself. These people are enemies because they are on different sides, but they have no reason for fighting. If they were not at war with each other, they would be friends. Wilfred Owens goal as a poet was to tell people about the war and warn them. Some of the real truths about the war were almost too terrible for civilians to understand. I would go up and wash them from sweet wells, even the truths that lie too deep for taint. There are truths that are hidden and are so deeply covered that they escape decay or change. Wilfred Owen wants to uncover these truths that people are trying to hide, and tell everybody so that he can help bring an end to war and suffering. He is trying to help civilians understand the evil of war, because he believes that those who embrace war will go to hell. In hell there is suffering and you can have no feelings or emotions. I went hunting after the wildest beauty in the world, which lies not calm in eyes, or braided hair, but mocks the steady running of the hour, and if it grieves, grieves richlier than here. This is not conventional beauty, this is a beauty that transcends time and is not beauty that human beings can possess. In conclusion, I do not think that Wilfred Owen has failed as a poet because I think that he has been successful in warning people about the pity of war. He has warned civilians about the evil that is in war. Wilfred Owen, in his poem Strange Meeting has tried to teach people, but he may not have been successful in his own battle, to stop war and suffering altogether. In his own eyes, Wilfred Owen may have not been a successful poet because there are still wars going on nowadays and therefore has failed. However, I believe that he told the real truths about war like a war poet was meant to, and has tried to teach people to love each other instead of fight.

Tout dun Coup French Expression Meaning

Tout dun Coup French Expression Meaning Expression: Tout dun coup Pronunciation: [ too doo(n) koo] Meaning: all of a sudden, all at once Literal translation: all of a blow Register: normal Notes The French expression tout dun coup has two possible meanings. Tout dun coup is commonly used interchangeably with the expression tout coup to mean suddenly, all of the sudden:   Ã‚  Ã‚  En entendant les rà ©sultats, il a tout dun coup commencà © pleurer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon hearing the results, he suddenly started crying.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout dun coup, jai eu envie de vomir.   Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the sudden, I felt sick. Though many native French speakers regularly use tout dun coup as above, it is technically incorrect. The original- and, for purists, only- meaning of tout dun coup is all at once, in a single movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Au lieu de payer en plusieurs versements, jai dà ©cidà © dacheter la voiture tout dun coup.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Rather than paying in installments, I decided to buy the car outright (pay the entire amount at once).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle a avalà © la bià ¨re tout dun coup.   Ã‚  Ã‚  She swallowed the beer all at once / in one go, She gulped down the whole beer. Synonym: dun seul coup

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Value Dissertation

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Value - Dissertation Example Dr. Brundtland had claimed that, besides factors relating to the medical world, health conditions of individuals significantly depend on issues relating to human development and environment. Based on this vision; in 1987, the Brundtland Commission was introduced and its first report had launched the concept of sustainable development in the public domain. Since then, public and private authorities of most countries have been trying to attain sustainable development. This process of development aims to satisfy and enhance utilities of present generations, without altering resources that would serve the future generations in a similar manner. Considering norms and practices of a sustainable developing world, nearly all private and public profit making organizations follow the norms of â€Å"Triple Bottom Line† (3BL) in business. By following the 3BL perspective, companies try to enhance â€Å"people, profit and planet† related factors through their commercial activities ( Smith, 2010). Moreover, degree of rivalry among modern corporate firms has increased over time. This is the era of â€Å"consumerism†, where commercial organizations try to augment their brand value in the market by enhancing utilities of consumers. Since individuals are increasingly becoming conscious about protecting and preserving the environment, firms have increased their corporate social activities in business now. . Presently, economic prosperity and brand value of a business organization substantially depends on its corporate social responsibility.

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research report - Essay Example It adopted cultural control strategy at strategic level of control and output strategy at operational level. However, in a bid to meet conditions laid for accessing government intervention, certain decisions were taken, which affected the relationship between middle managers and top management. The managers devised various ways of resisting the managerially-imposed change. They planned collectively but acted individually. They capitalized on their good relationship with the factory workers to manipulate the sentiments of the latter against the top management. Their resistance is resentment-based and not necessarily resistance to changes aimed at reducing wastages. For the purpose of this study Oracle Computers Inc. was used as an explanatory case study for some theoretical underpinnings. A middle manager in human resource department was interviewed. The interviewee has worked in the organization for ten years and has been working as a Human Resource manager for 2 years. This report does not claim that this is exactly what the organization is like. The information used relies on the interviewee’s perception. Schein’s (1992) organisational culture model was used to identify what constitutes the culture of the organization under scrutiny. Schein describes that organisational culture constitutes the unspoken and tacit guidelines and expectations that enable people within an organization to get along (Schein 1992). Schein’s model portrays organisational culture as having three levels. These are underlying assumptions, values and artefacts (Linstead, Fulop & Lilley 2004). Underlying assumptions identify the beliefs held by members within the organisation about the organization. Values indicate what staff consider to be important about working within the organization. Artefacts, according to Schein, pertain to visible aspects such as formal procedures and material symbols that say

Poetry Slam Essay Example for Free

Poetry Slam Essay On my visit to Bar13 I was instructed to watch a poetry slam. I have never experience such a vivid art of performing poetry. The only way I had experienced poetry before was by reading it from books. This has change the way I see poetry now. The poetry slam is a very competitive event in which the poets perform their work. The poets are judged by people of the audience. The host, who was pregnant, selected the judges who were instructed to give a numerical score (the score being 0 – 10). The score was based on the poets’ content and performance. I was a little hesitant when the host asked me to be a judge. Since this was the first time, I was scared that I wasn’t going to be a fair judge. The host explained to me the basic rules for the contest and how the poets are selected. The first rule one is that each poem must be the poet’s own work. The second is that each poet gets only three minutes to read or say the poem. The third is that they can’t use any musical instrument or costumes and the fourth and last one is that from the score the poets receive the high and low scores are dropped and the middle three are added together giving them a total score of 0 – 30. Before the contest started the microphone was open to other poets. In my opinion there were a couple of poets who were good. After the opening performance was done, the host presented a poet who has competed before. Her name was Gypsee. She performed for about 45 minutes, the content of her work was very good and her performance was excellent. I think she has practice a lot. I remember clearly two of her poems. One talked about crossing the Canadian bridge into the United States as an immigrant (she was born in Albania). The second one was about her childhood and soldiers with shotguns. During the slam there was different kind of poetry. It was very interesting to listen to a diverse range of work within the slam. It included love poetry, social issues, personal problems and even some were kind of comic. What I really like was the range of poets presented; they are free to do work in any style on any subject. I will recommend it to my friends and I would like to go back, it was a nice experience.

Utility and Universality versus Utility and the General Good :: Economics Philosophy Essays

Utility and Universality versus Utility and the General Good ABSTRACT: The concepts of Utility and Universality form an answer to the utilitarian topology of Utility and the General Good. Starting from the realization that utility cannot be determined materially, but only formally, the very premise of utilitarian philosophy has to be abandoned. The greatest good is not the good of the greatest number, but the universal good. The concepts Utility and Universality form an answer to the utilitarian topology of Utility and the General Good. Starting from the realisation that utility cannot be determined materially, but only formally, the very premise of utilitarian philosophy has to be abandoned. The greatest good is not the good of the greatest number, the greatest good is the universal good. I will develop this thesis in the following contribution. 1. The good of the greatest number versus the universality of lack of contradiction Since ancient times the concept of utility has been the catalyst between philosophy and economics. The question of the relationship between theory and practice has a special relevance to the issue. What is the effect of theoretical understanding on the material level? Which interrelationships does philosophy desire: should there be a renunciation of material wealth, or is it as Aristotle states, that without wealth there is no contentment? What then is (economic) good? The answer often given today is to ensure that basic needs are met. For the Greek economic philosophers among whom, Socrates, Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle, provision of goods to meet basic hunger and thirst, was not the task the social thinkers were faced with. Instincts power the drive to meet the basic needs. Economics as a science has another purpose. Before a material answer can be arrived at, there has to be a rational determination of it's use. Only then can we speak of a free and self-determined action, and only then can we speak of a scientific purpose. Instead of simply fulfilling material needs, which is the purpose of all living beings, the basic purpose of economic science is to create a system by which material goods are properly divided/distributed and used. It is not a quantitative, but a qualitative goal. Science (Wissenschaft) is independent of the number of people by whom and on whom it is practised. The philosophers of antiquity compa red the good economist with the good doctor: like the doctor, the economist is only in part acting to benefit or enrich himself.

Brisson Company Case Study

Case 19-3: Brisson Company Approach This problem takes the student through a complete cycle of transactions in a standard cost system in a simple setting. It shows how such a system works, including the development of variances, and ties cost accounting to the accounting cycle the student learned in Part 1 of the book. (Brisson’s system is the same as the one depicted in Illustration 19-2. ) This seems to be a valuable exercise, especially in helping to minimize the omnipresent problems students have with production cost variance analysis in the next chapter.If not assigned for class, this makes a good exam case. (For ease in grading, I suggest you prepare forms with all needed T accounts preprinted on them. ) Question 1 Materials Inventory| | Work in Process Inventory| Bal. | 50,250| (4)| 118,810| | Bal. | 75,600| (9)| 267,684| (2)| 104,980| | 36,420| | (4)| 116,696| | | Bal. | 36,420| | | | (5a,8)| 79,200| | | | | | | | (8)| 99,000| | 102,812| Finished Goods Inventory| | Bal . | 102,812| | | Bal. | 155,400| (10b)| 232,602| | | | | | (9)| 267,684| | 190,482| | | | | | Bal. | 190,482| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Accounts Payable| | All Other Assets| (3a)| 102,300| Bal. | 104,700| | Bal. | 325,500| (3a)| 102,300| | | (2)| 103,535| | (3b)| 192,000| (3b)| 192,000| | 143,435| (6)| 37,500| | (10a)| 375,150| (5b)| 116,700| | | Bal. | 143,435| | | | (6)| 18,300| | | | | | | | (7)| 78,750| All Other Liabilities| | | | | 384,600| | | Bal. | 47,250| | Bal. | 384,600| | | | | | | | | | | | Overhead| | Wages Payable| (5a)| 40,500| (8)| 99,000| | (5b)| 116,700| Bal. | 6,150| (6)| 55,800| | | | | 2,250| (5a)| 112,800| (11)| 2,700| | | | | | Bal. | 2,250| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Overhead Variance| | Shareholders’ Equity| (14)| 2,700| (11)| 2,700| | | | Bal. | 448,650| | | | | | | 521,379| (19)| 72,729| | | | | | | | Bal. | 521,379| | | | | | | | | | Labor Variance| | Material Price Variance| (16)| 6,900| (5a,8)| 6,900| | (15)| 1,445| (2)| 1,445| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sales| | Material Usage Variance| (12)| 375,150| (10a)| 375,150| | (4)| 2,114| (17)| 2,114| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Selling and Admin. Expense| | Income Summary| (7)| 78,750| (18)| 78,750| | (13)| 232,602| (12)| 375,150| | | | | | (17)| 2,114| (14)| 2,700| | | | | (18)| 78,750| (15)| 1,445| Cost of Sales| | (19)| 72,729| (16)| 6,900| (10b)| 232,602| (13)| 232,602| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Notes on entries (numbered to correspond to the case transactions): (2) 2,500 @ $29. 80 + 1,000 @ $30. 48 = $104,980 @ std. $104,980 – $103,535 = $1,445 credit (favorable) price variance. Favorable price variances often arise in the first half of the year; the standard is set to represent the annual average, and with inflation, prices will tend to be below this average for the first 6 months and above it in the latter half f the year. (3b)The debit reflects an increase in Cash; the credit represents the decrease in Accounts Receivable. (3) 3,20 0 @ $29. 80 + 700 @ $30. 48 = $116,696 for original issues; plus extra (replacement) issues as follows: 100 @ $12. 37 + 20 @ $11. 25 + 45 @ $10. 80 + 20 @ $6. 63 + 4 @ $8. 43 = $2,114 (an (4) unfavorable usage variance); giving total issues of $118,810. (Note: Some students may claim that the $2,114 in extra materials issues were to replace materials that were defective, as opposed to replacing good items that were spoiled in the production places.Such students may treat this $2,114 as an overhead cost; if so, they will have $0 material usage variance and $586 favorable overhead variance. ) (5a)This entry stumps many students, at least temporarily. Some will cleverly set up a labor clearing account analogous to the overhead clearing account, and then charge the standard labor to this account at entry (8) the balance in this labor clearing account will be $6,900 dr. , which is closed to Labor Variance. Other students will do what I’ve done here—read ahead to entry (8), and deduce the labor variance as part of the entry. 9)3,000 @ $70. 30 + 800 @ $70. 98 = $267,684 (10b)2,400 @ $70. 30 + 900 @ $70. 98 = $232,602 cost of sales (11)This closes the overhead clearing account. (12)-(19) These entries close the temporary accounts and income summary. Question 2 BRISSON COMPANY Income Statement Month of April| Sales revenue| $375,150| Cost of sales @ standard| 232,602| Standard gross margin| 142,548| Production cost variances*| 8,931| Actual gross margin| 151,479| Selling and administrative expense| 78,750| Income| $ 72,729| *Production cost variances:| | Martial price| $1,445F| Material usage| 2,114U| Labor| 6,900F| Overhead| 2,700F| | $8,931F| Question 3 BRISSON COMPANY Balance Sheet As of April 30| Assets| | Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity| Materials inventory| $ 36,420| | Accounts payable| $143,435| Work in process inventory| 102,812| | Wages payable| 2,250| Finished goods inventory| 190,482| | All other liabilities| 47,250| All other asses | 384,600| | Shareholders’ equity| 521,379| | $714,314| | | $714,314|

Philadelphia family Essay

Born in 1856 into a wealthy Philadelphia family, Taylor disappointed his parents by working in a metal products factory, first as a machinist and next as a foreman. Shocked at the factory’s inefficiency, and the practice of its skilled workers of purposely working slowly. As an engineer he was more interested in the practical outcome and not the psychology Taylor proposed solutions that he believed would solve both problems. By studying the time it took each worker to complete a step, and by rearranging equipment, Taylor believed he could discover what an average worker could produce in optimum conditions. The promise of higher wages, he figured, would create added incentive for workers to exceed this â€Å"average† level. Taylor’s time-and-motion studies offered a path away from the industrial wars of a century ago. Now what was needed was a way to apportion the wealth created by manufacturing enterprises. Taylor’s answer sidestepped the class struggle and interest group politics. He believed his principles would create a partnership between manager and worker, based on an understanding of how jobs should be done and how workers are motivated. These workers are motivated by money. He believed a fairs day work deserved a fair day bonus. He thought keeping his workforce happy would keep them producing at a high quality. He died in 1915, whilst on a speaking tour in the mid west he contracted influenza, he was admitted to hospital and celebrated his 59th birthday there and died the next day. Taylor’s second and third theory is used in the McDonalds. The McDonalds ethos is that the food preparation must be done to specific instructions. For instance the fries must be cooked for a 3 minutes at a temperature of 175o, then the buzzer tells the employee to take them out and salt them. Throughout all McDonalds are a series of dedicated, purpose-built machine for producing milkshakes, toasting buns and squirting chocolate sauce and much else. After 150 years this is the most active period working in industry, F W Taylor would feel very much at home ordering a Big Mac. The biggest person that Taylor’s theory’s influenced was Henry Ford. Henry Ford was the first person to try mass production and it was a massive success. Taylor’s practices were first used in 1911 in the factory; by 1913 Ford had introduced a conveyor belt system and had achieved the ultimate Taylorite idea. This method was also used in Nazi death camps. They did not plan whom they would kill until the day they did it. Both Mussolini and Stalin both used his techniques during their communist uprisings. Taylor also wrote many books of these the most famous is ‘The Principles of Scientific Management’ he wrote this in 1911. He split the book into two chapters the first ‘the fundamentals of scientific management† and the second â€Å"The principles of scientific management†. In the first chapter he stated that the principal object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee. In the second chapter he stated that people should be told what to do and how they do it. They should be motivated by a money incentive. Before Taylor, skilled workers chose their own methods of work, but after Taylor workers were far more likely to have limited, repetitive tasks and were forced to work at a pace set by their manager. To maximise efforts of workers Taylor introduced an incentive system known as a differential piece-rate. This offered a meagre payment per unit produced. 2p per unit for the first 500 per day 5p per unit all those above 500 per day The threshold was set a t a level which those producing barely 500 received barely a living wage. To make 700 was a great incentive, as you would earn double what you would at the 500 mark. But the workers in many places resented this theory that the theory was abandoned soon after introduction. Problems with Taylor’s methods With Taylor’s notion of a ‘quickest and best way’ for all workers does not take into account individual differences. There is no guarantee that the ‘best way’ will suit everyone. Also some people naturally will be able to work faster than others creating a disadvantage for those he is not so fast. Taylor also viewed people as machines, with financial needs, than as humans in a social setting. People felt pressured and did not like being treated this way. He also overlooked the fact that some people work for other reasons than money. In a financial survey in 1982, a large sample of British people were asked whether they would carry on working if they financially did no need to. Nearly 70% of men and 655 of women said they would. Taylor’s Core values The rule of reason, improved quality, lower costs, higher wages, higher output, labour management, co-operation, experimentation, clear tasks and goals, feedback, training, stress reduction and the careful selection and development of people. He was the first to present a systemic study of interaction an d job requirements, tools, methods and human skills, to fit people into jobs both psychologically and physically, and to let data and facts do the talking rather than prejudice, opinions or egomania.

Making A New Deal essays

Making A New Deal essays Lizabeth Cohen wants to prove that Chicago workers created a working class during the depths of the Great Depression. Unfortunately, the means she chooses to prove her case do not completely convince me. In Cohens hefty Making a New Deal she posits a transition of Chicagoans from ethnic, employer-loyal workers in 1920s to members of a common culture who articulated a class consciousness in the 1930s. She asserts that workers needed to overcome ethnicity before they could realize class, but then backs away from this claim. In the end, Cohens ambivalence, the rosy picture she paints of the New Deal era, and her overemphasis of class consciousness all weaken the book. The books central theme holds that ethnicity had to be overcome if working-class unity was to be attained. Cohen plants seeds of theoretical discontent within this framework that undermine her basic argument. For instance, in Chapter 3, Encountering Mass Culture, Cohen argues that mass culture and consumption standardized American life in the 1920s. But then she retreats from this sweeping generalization, equivocating that the impact of mass culture depended on the social and economic contexts in which it developed and the manner in which it was experienced (101). Despite the prevalence of mass culture it did not make working-class Chicagoans feel any less Polish, Jewish, or black or any less of a worker (158). Yet Cohen shows that even as ethnic workers listened to radio programs and shopped at chain grocery stores that were not supposed to influence them (in Cohens opinion), they began to have more in common with their co-workers of different ethnicity and race (157). Either ethni city or class has to prevail here, and I am not sure Cohen knows which one she prefers. I admire Cohens effort to present a positive picture of ethnic and black cultures by presenting their resiliency, but she understa...

Chapter One The Press In Mauritius Media Essay

Chapter One The Press In Mauritius Media Essay For the health of democracy, access to information is really essential. In any democracy, citizens have the rights and responsibilities to participate in public matters. Knowledge about a society is obtained through free debates, newspapers, magazines, television and radio. All these are possible when there is a free and independent press. In all democratic countries, freedom of the press has been a treasured right. Press freedom is a pillar of democracy   [ 1 ]   . Often, the press is referred as the fourth pillar of a country   [ 2 ]   . Such freedom should be free from interference of the state. The preservation of the freedom of the press may be done through constitutional or legal protections. In the present chapter, the definition and the importance of the press freedom will be analyzed first. Then, the evolution and development of the written and audio-visual press in Mauritius will be examined before considering the constitutional foundation of the freedom of the pre ss of the country. 1.1 Freedom of Press 1.1.1 Definition of freedom of the press Everywhere in the world, the meaning of press freedom differs. Different countries possess different degrees of freedom of the press   [ 3 ]   . This suggests that freedom of the press is not absolute in the world   [ 4 ]   . In universal terms, defining freedom of the press is difficult. Various definitions to freedom of the press have been attributed by different scholars and in many text books. Lieberman (1953) defined freedom of the press as the right to serve, without government interference and with police protection, and the most fundamental right of freedom of information   [ 5 ]   . As for Dennis and Merrill (1996), freedom of the press is the right to communicate ideas, opinions, and information through the printed world without government restraint   [ 6 ]   . For both authors, the â€Å"right to share information† and â€Å"no government intrusion† is among the main elements of this freedom. For other scholars, free press is an independent adversary   [ 7 ]   performing the function of watchdog preventing the State from aggrandizing and abusing the rights of its citizen. Freedom of the press is not only the right of media; it is the right of the citizens also. Going back to history, in 1791, freedom of the press was legally guaranteed by the U.S Constitution, â€Å"congress shall make no lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦abridging the freedom of speech or of the pressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Freedom of the press was recognized by the National Assembly of France in the Article 11 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This freedom was considered to be a fundamental right in Europe and in the United States. In 1948, the United Nations declared it a universal right and adopted Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Freedom of the press is derived from the fundamental right of freedom of information. The latter is a à ¢â‚¬Å"human right and the touchstone of all the freedoms. It implies the right to gather, transmit and publish news anywhere and everywhere without fetters†Ã‚   [ 8 ]   . The rights to seek and to disseminate information are of particular importance to the press. Along with freedom of information, freedom of expression also plays an essential role in press freedom. In

The implications of Legalizing a prohibited item Research Paper

The implications of Legalizing a prohibited item - Research Paper Example They also argue that the legalization would earn the government more income through taxation. They also believe that the legalization will reduce the government’s expenditure on enforcing the prohibition. This paper aims at discussing the economic impacts on the legalization of the use of marijuana. Source of Revenue through Taxation The legalization of the use of marijuana will highly affect the mode of pricing. When the use of a substance is illegal, the price is always high. This is because of the risk involving the marijuana dealers. However, high taxation by the government can make the prices high again. Economists argue that high taxation might lead to the emergence of black market trade. Considering this, it would be advisable to keep taxes minimal in order to reduce the possibilities of emergence of black markets. A good example is the effect of high prices of heroin in Norway where the level of consumption decreased with the increase in the prices. One would argue tha t the volume of consumption by addicts is likely not to change with an increase in price (Morgan 2011). Some economists would disagree with this since studies on consumption of substances like alcohol and cigarettes show that heavy users responded highly to prices as compared to the other users. This will mean that the only means to get the maximum income from the legalization of marijuana is minimizing the taxation (see Figure 1). This will increase the volume of marijuana consumption, which will mean a high total tax collection. The figure illustrates the relationship between the price of marijuana and its consumption. Figure 1. Marijuana price-demand curve. (blogspot.com) Reduction of Government Expenditure on Marijuana Use Regulation The legalization of the consumption of marijuana will also reduce the government expenditure on the regulation of its use. This will be possible through saving of money that the government spends on marijuana arrests. Records in the United States of America show that there is a very high rate of both marijuana possession and trafficking arrests (Brux 2011). With the legalization of marijuana, the resources allocated for these kinds of arrests can go to another law enforcement sector. The resources spent on judicial processes involving marijuana possessors and traffickers could be saved for other purposes. Records have it that more than 3% of judicial trials in the United States of America involve the marijuana possessors. The percentage of resources spent on such activities can go to other activities. In the United States of America, the number of drug laws criminals in the correctional facilities is more than offenders of the other laws (Clements & Zhao 2009). For instance, in the year 2011, the total number of sentenced was 197050, with 94600 of those were sentenced in drug related trials. The closest to it were the violent offences, which had 14900 inmates. With the legalization of the consumption of marijuana, the governme nt will save the economic resources used for the correction of drug offenders. This money can take care of other economic needs of the country. The legalization of marijuana will also reduce the number of criminal activities involved with its peddling. Since the drug will be legal, more socially decent organization will venture into the marijuana supplying business. Occurrences like this will reduce the necessity of criminal

Thinking Blues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thinking Blues - Essay Example This ‘first encounter’ as he calls it and the many that followed brought on the realization that there was a palpable tension between the author and other nighttime pedestrians especially women just because he was black. He became ‘thoroughly familiar’ with ‘the language of fear’ within a year of his coming to Chicago. He learned to expect car-drivers stopped at traffic lights to hurriedly lock their car doors as he crossed in front of their cars on dark, lonely intersections. He learned to deal with pedestrians preferring to cross to other side of the street rather than have to pass him. He suffered ‘unpleasantries’ with people like policemen, bouncers etc whose job it is to keep troublemakers at bay. To keep his peace of mind the author has learned to control his anger at being mistaken for a criminal every now and then. In actual fact he makes it a point to make elaborate gestures of being peaceful and on the right side of the law likening his various ways of assuring his ‘victims’ to the cowbell worn by hikers in bear country. Through his essay the writer brings forth very clearly the dilemma and dangers that are faced in public spaces in urban America by black men who do not conform to the stereotype of being themselves dangerous or outside the law. Black Men and Public Space, by Brent Staples is an essay that illustrates the above thesis very poignantly. His hurt more than indignation at being perceived as dangerous simply because he was big, burly and black is palpable through out the essay. The essay begins with the words, â€Å"My first victim was a woman- white†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (Staples, para1) In actual fact, it is the author himself who was victimized. Soon after he arrived in Chicago as a young graduate who by his own admission was timid, a ‘softy’, a ‘good boy’ and one who ‘doubted the virtues of intimidation’ got wrongly suspected of being a mugger